PHYSIOLOGY AIIMS NOV 13

1)Metabolite of progesterone in urine...

 a)pregnanediol

 b) 17 OH progesterone

 c) Pregnanetriol

d) 17 ketosteroids

2) Most important blood suply to stomach
a) left gastric artery
b) short gastric artery
c) rt gastro epiploic artery
d) left gastro epiploic artery

3) Alleviation of pain by repated stimulation –

a) gate  control theory

b) Sherrington law

c) reciprocal innervations

d) NANC mediated

 

4)  Peripheral vascular resistance best ascessed by-

a) SBP

b) DBP

c) MAP

d)  PP

5) Platelet adhesion to collagen via

a) factor  viii
b) factor ix
c) VWF
d) Fibronectin

AIIMS NOV 13

ANATOMY:

1)  Vaginal epithelium is derived from:
    a). Mesoderm of genital ridge
    b). Endoderm of genital ridge
    c). Mesoderm of Urogenital sinus
    d). Endoderm of Urogenital sinus

2) Not part of ethmoid bone :
   a) Alar nasi
   b) Crista galli
   c) Uncinate process
   d) Inferior turbinate

3) Muscle of anatomically back region but of thorax region functionally:
 a) latissimus .dorsi
 b) Trapezius 

 c) rhomboids

  d) pectoralis major                                                                                                                                                          

4) Part that functions as  narrowest anatomical sphincter in uterus-
a) isthmus
b) ampulla
c) infundibulum
d) intramural

5) root value of ext anal sphincter?

a) S2S3S4

b) S4S5

c) S3S4

d) S1S3

6) Dermatome for index finger and thumb.

a)C8T1
b) C6 c7
c) C7 c8

d)  C7

7) Not derived from neurectoderm
a) .retina
b).ciliary muscle
c) dilator pupillae
d) sphincter papillae

8) blood testis barrier formed by
a) .sertoli-sertoli
b) .sertoli-germ cell

c)sertoli leydig

d) leydig leydig

9) Medulla blood supply A/E.

a) anterior spinal artery

b) bulbar artery

c) vertebral artery

d) posterior inferior cerebellar artery

10) All are part of mesorectal fascia except
a) .sup rectal vein
b).inf rectal vein.
c) .para rectal nodes
 d) .inf mesenteric plexus

11)  vein artery nerve relation is maintained in all intercostal space except

a) 1 st
2) 6 th
c) 11 th
d) 2nd

 

OVARIAN TUMORS, CELLS & MARKERS

OVARIAN TUMOURS

MC Ovarian Cancer : Papillary Serous CA > Mucinous CA > Dermoid cyst > Fibroma

MC Ovarian tumor seen is females < 20yrs - Dysgerminoma

MC Ovarian tumour diagnosed during pregnancy - Dysgerminoma

MC Ovarian tumour in pre-pubertal girls - Embryonal Carcinoma


MC Ovarian tumour after menopause - Theca cell tumour

MC hormonally active Ovarian tumour - Granulosa Cell tumour

MC Epithelial Ovarian tumour - Papillary Serous CA

First s/o mets in EOT (epi ovarian tmrs) - Pelvic peritoneum

MC s/o lymphatic spread in EOT - Para - aortic and sup-gastric LNs

MC s/o haematogenous spread in EOT - Lungs

MC benign Germ cell tumour (GCT) - Benign Cystic teratoma

MC m'gnt GCT - Dysgerminoma

Ovarian tumour which spreads to opposite ovary - Dysgerminoma

Ovarian tumour in which opp ovary is involved by mets - Granulosa cell tumour

Most radiosensitive Ovarian tumour - Dysgerminoma

MC Ovarian tumour of C.T Ovary - Fibroma

MC Ovarian tumour a/w Meig's syndrome - Fibroma

MC Ovarian tumour a/w Pseudo meig's syndrome - Brenner's tumour + Granulosa cell tumour

MC s/o Primary causing secondaries in Ovary - GIT (pylorus , colon and rarely small bowel)

MC primary causing Krukenberg tumour - Stomach -lesser curvature

Ovarian tumours - special histological characteristics

Psammoma bodies - Serous CA

Hobnail cells - Clear cell Ca ovary (mesonephroid)

Walthard cell rests - Brenner's tumour

Puffed wheat appearance (m'gnt cells with a longitudinal groove ) - Brenner's tumour

Schiller -duvall bodies - Endodermal sinus tumour / yolk sac tumour

Reinke crystalloids - Leydig cell tumour / Hilus cell tumour

Call - Exner bodies - Granulosa cell tumour

Signet ring cells - Krukenberg tumour



Tumour markers :

CA- 125 - Non mucinous ECT

CA -19.9 - Mucinous ECT

CEA - Mucinous adenocarcinoma

AFP - Embryonal cell carcinoma & Endodermal sinus tumour

hCG - Embryonal cell carcinoma & Choriocarcinoma

LDH - Dysgerminoma

alpha -1 AT - Endodermal sinus tumour


Monoclonal Ab for detection of Ovarian carcinoma - OVLT -3


Feminising Ovarian tumours:

Granulosa cell tumour
Theca cell tumour
Luteoma

Virilising ovarian tumours :

Sertoli cell tumour/arrhenoblastoma
Adrenal cortical tumour
Hilus cell tumour


Characteristics of both Granulosa cell tumour and Arrehnoblastoma - Gynandroblastoma


Non-endocrine secreting tumour of Ovary - Dysgerminoma & Fibroma