ATD

ATD

Q.Which of the following drugs is a first-line agent against TB?
A. Streptomycin
B. Pyrazinamide
C. Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
D. Levofloxacin
E. Cycloserine

Ans:B.

Pyrazinamide is one of the four first-line TB drugs. The other listed drugs are second line because of decreased or less proven efficacy, the necessity for parenteral administration

(streptomycin), serious side effects (PAS and cycloserine), or cost and reservation for other uses (levofloxacin).

RIFAMPICIN

RIFAMPICIN

Q. Which of the following side effects occurs commonly with the administration of rifampin for N. meningitides chemoprophylaxis?
A. Liver failure
B. Renal failure
C. Orange discoloration of secretions
D. Anemia
E. Leukopenia

Ans: C.

Rifampin will turn all of an individual’s secretions, such as urine, sweat, tears, and stool, an orange color. Contact lenses can be permanently stained with this orange discoloration. This side

effect is a source of great consternation to individuals who are not warned of its possibility.

EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS

EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS

Q. What is the diagnosis in this diabetic woman?

(a) Toxic megacolon

(b) Emphysematous cholecystitis

(c) Ileus

(d) Diverticular disease

(e) Volvulus

Ans: b.

 The diagnosis here is emphysematous cholecystitis because air can be seen in the wall of the gallbladder. The condition, due to infection, most commonly occurs in elderly female diabetics and is usually caused by coliforms.

Causes of gas in the biliary tree

Within the bile ducts

1.      Incompetence of the sphincter of Oddi following sphincterotomy, passage of a

gallstone or in the elderly (‘patulous sphincter’)

2.      Postoperative cholecystectomy or choledochoenterostomy

3.      Spontaneous biliary fistula due to passage of gallstone from gallbladder to bowel,

duodenal ulcer perforating into common bile duct, tumour or malignancy

Within the gallbladder-

• Emphysematous cholecystitis